Dynamic Figures in Church History I Essay - 1653 Words

Dynamic Figures in Church History II January 30, 2007 Part I I. Up to Now The ecclesia reformanda translated means the church always in need of reformation. With time, many ideologies and practices strayed from the original purpose of the Church. Over the years, people tend to forget the fundamental principles. People put their own ideas into the ideals that may be very different from the original intent. Changes are justified due to cultural changes. Human weaknesses also lend to the changes. Sometimes, abuse and the thirst for power lead to these differences. What is the original purpose of the Church? How do we get back there? Traveling the m’s, we have an overview of the Church, both good and bad. If the message of Jesus†¦show more content†¦St. Francis of Assisi and his followers, Franciscans, took to the streets, begging for food and stripped themselves of all earthly items. III The Middle Ages The Middle Ages spanned three hundred years, from 000 CE to 1300 CE. This was a time when nationalism was on the rise, cities grew, and trades and crafts developed. People began to identify themselves as Christian, Germanic, Frankish, etc. With this rise of nationalism, kings’ powers were stronger. There were changes with the Catholic Church as well. The Church had much influence in the politics, especially in Germany. Formal training for priests and celibacy became fundamental parts of the priesthood. Elaborate cathedrals were being built in the growing cities with university schools developing for the wealthy. Not all things were positive in the Middle Ages. There was a division between the East and the West in the Catholic Church due to different philosophies. The Greek Orthodox followed Greek thinking and the Roman Catholic Church followed Latin/Roman ideas. Eventually, they formally split and excommunicated each other and their followers. The C rusades started with â€Å"good intentions†, to return the Holy Land to the Catholics from the Muslims. This, of course, was a disaster. In Spain, heresy was rooted out by witch hunts and burnings during the Inquisition. This was a shameful episode in the Church’s history. As stated in our class, â€Å"In the nameShow MoreRelatedGeometry And Art Of Stained Glass1079 Words   |  5 Pages Paige Marquardt Mrs. Overmann UI 100-08 H December 2, 2014 Geometry and Art of Stained Glass From a church to a person’s home, there is stained glass all around us. Most people take a look at stained glass and just admire the beauty, but not the work that goes into it. The intense planning and preparations in deciding what to make and how to put it all together. Not until recently, there has been no real equation for stained glass, but that has changed. 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Selling Performance of Stevens Case Study Example

Essays on Selling Performance of Stevens Case Study The paper "Selling Performance of Stevens" is a great example of a case study on marketing.  The accounts manager, Stevens of Fletcher Company got the wrong impression about the buying behavior and needs of her customer which is Tymco Company. According to her the main priority of the company was to make profits despite the risks and quality of the products. For this reason, the reason she had to persuade the sales agent of Tymco to purchase controls and motors from the company instead of buying them from multiple suppliers. This according to her would have reduced the costs by the company and reduce losses from purchasing the products from multiple companies. It is also clear that she did not understand the needs of her customers well enough. She thought that her customer was not more focused on the quality of the products.It is for this reason that she was able to convince the company to purchase all the controls from her company. She even went ahead and convinced the agent of Ty mco to purchase motors from her company. However, she ignored the fact that Tymco used to purchase some controls and motors from other companies due to the failure of Fletcher’s products to meet some of the company’s quality requirements. This proves that the company was not just focused on purchasing the goods but it was also focused on the quality of the goods. Although she was able to convince the customer to purchase the products from her company, it did not work out quite well with some members of Tymco Company. This is evident that she did not understand the needs of the customers well enough to make the decisions that she had to make.Stevens was also ignorant and she did not make enough consultations before making decisions that she made. During her decision-making process, she did not put into consideration the needs and objectives of her customers. She also ignored the fact that the customer was making certain decisions due to some reasons that were best meant for the company. She also failed to understand the motivation factor of her customers. The customer did not want to purchase just any equipment but those that will satisfy their needs. It is evident that she did not see the reason why the customer had to purchase certain products from other companies while her company could supply the products. Her main motive was profit-making since she even estimated that if the proposal she had could go through, then the company would double its profits.However, she did not consider the attributes of her customers concerning her products. Her products could not fully satisfy the needs of the customer. This is an area she had not researched. The products from her company had a high reject rate as compared to those of other companies that supplied the same products. It is thus evident that she did not understand fully the needs and requirements of her customers well enough. She also did not know the objectives of her customers regarding the produc ts. If she had this knowledge, then it would have been easier for her to make wise decisions.

Employment relations in Denmark & France-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Compare and Contrast the role that the state plays in the system of employment relations in France with the role that the state plays in the system of employment relations in Denmark. Answer: Introduction The report gives main focus on the relation that is concerned with employment by taking into consideration France and Denmark. Employment relations have a linkage with both the employer and the employee who is conducting their task in the organization. Remuneration plays an essential role between the employees. If the remuneration is according to the employees then they will perform their best to achieve the goals and objectives in effective manner. The relation between the employees and employer should be efficient enough so that the organization can be able to attain the goals and objectives in effective manner. The performing pattern of the employees gives direct impact on the enhancement of the business. France and Denmark In France the employer are taken into consideration and the more emphasis is given on it. Privatization has an important role and also it is connected with different sectors. The state has many different industrial linkage in which the cooperation is lacked the social partners. The employers are considered united in France and also the level of membership is high which is concerned with the practices that are taken into consideration. The France gives more focus on the historical presence which gives focus on the movement of labor (Bamber, Lansbury,Wailes and Wright,2015). Collective bargaining plays an essential role if taken consideration on the national level. In France the employment relation is increasing and the retention of the school is increased. By taking into consideration it is seen that there is no recession and also the economic growth is minimized. The employment is increasing but on a temporary basis. The main emphasis of collective agreements is given by the industri al law. The government has taken corrective steps to reduce the unemployment which take into consideration the people who are young enough and also the people who belong from an employed group. In Denmark the role is minimized as compared to other countries. If the state legislation is taken into consideration then it is very less (Bryson, Forth Laroche, 2011). The interference in politics is enhancing in France and it is mainly just because of the European directives which consist of legislation. Denmark is taken into consideration as a managed market economy and also gives focus to encourage the coordination between different networks of unions. There are various regulations which are taken into consideration in the collective bargaining. The negotiated economy is Denmark in which atypical levels of employment are reduced. Self-regulation in Denmark has given an essential role but it is fixed for a certain area only. By taking into consideration the policies which are concerned w ith labor then it can be seen that there are various employers who are connected with the councils (Burroni Keune, 2011). If the labor market policy is considered then state interacts with the union and also with the employer who has a direct link with the boards and councils. The industrial role is played which considers the employer in the public sector. The French plays an essential role in the employment relation and also give main focus to the employer. Privatization also plays an essential role and it is concerned with many sectors. By taking into consideration the industrial level of France the labor moved and also collective bargaining has taken place. It has an essential role that focuses on decentralization by considering the socialist government (Gumbrell-McCormick Hyman, 2006). Various reforms are considered which enhances the workplace and also helps to consider the proper strategy to conduct the operations of the organization in effective way. The employment relation gives main emphasis on the combined bargaining which is decentralized. The employment relation gives direct focus on the political and legal environment (Hansen Mailand, 2013). In France there are various changes which have taken place. There are many unions which were considered at the local level and the employment relation is increased. The behavior pattern of the employer and also the employment relations is enhanced in effective way. The financial and organizational resources are reduced. The employment relation in France has given a positive impact on the people who are pensioners or the retired people (Ilsoe, 2016). In Denmark the crisis has taken place in which the balance is distorted between the various partners. The working capacity of the employees is enhanced in Denmark and they are able to achieve goals and objectives in effective manner. The workers who are working in France have flexible timings in which the worker conduct and finish their task in effective way. There are various changes which are taken place in the national economic planning and also the working structure of the employees are maintained in effective manner according to thei r demand. The level of motivation of the employees who are working in France is enhanced and they work with the main objectives to attain the goals and objectives of the organization in effective manner (Mailand, 2010). Presidency of Emmanuel Macron has given impact on the employment relations in France. Mr. Macron has given impact on reforming the labor market. He set to work 35 hour in a week. The labor rights and rules are introduced by him that allow the firm to negotiate the timings with the staff members on the basis of hours and pay. He has also assured the people who are connected with business to reduce the corporation tax from 33% to 25%. The main focus will be given to train the people who are working in the organization. He also takes into consideration to reduce the unemployment rate and also to enhance the benefits of unemployment. The purchasing power of the people will be reduced by taking into consideration social security contributions (Laroche, 2016). Role of European Union play by taking into consideration employment relations in Denmark. In European political debate which is on labor market has a strong security for the wage earners that are concerned with hiring and firing of the employers in the organization. The policy which is concerned with Denmark is flexicurity. The conflicts which are industrial have played a major role in the development of Danish labor market regulation. In Denmark the political economy is taken into consideration with proper liberal elements. The people who are connected with European community is working under pressure from Europe and also various laws are imposed on the working hour, part time employment and also on European work councils (Mehaut, 2005). The work councils have created a tension and debate as a mutual directive that are difficult to be implemented within the balanced collective bargaining system and legislation. The disputes lead to strikes that are now minimized and the conflicts ar e also resolved by the labor law system. In France the union also gave reflection on the historical presence of revolutionary socialists which is between the labor movement and the reactionary approaches of the employers. The principle of contract is not taken into consideration by the employees they are taken as a weak party that need protection under this law. There are strict rules which are considered in the employment agreement. In France 95 percent of the employees in France work under the collective bargaining agreements which are operated in unionized environment (Rodriguez, John stone and Procter, 2015). The labor codes that are considered are minimum wage, paid leave and the working time. If the business is conducted in France then there can be complexity which is concerned with rules and regulations. In France the rules are not transparent if taken into consideration the common law. The employment relation of France is conducted under the 2 principles. The first is to set the rules which are conducted by taking into consideration the lower hierarchical level. The second is that the employees should take advantage of the various rules (Rose Pineau, 2016). Collective bargaining in Denmark has been a best method of regulation which is concerned with pay and working condition. The labor market and the welfare policies are formulated within the agreement. There is unification in the labor market parties which is on the national level. In Denmark the common topic is working time if collective bargaining is taken into consideration. The employment strategy does not have any important role in the working pattern (Rosemain Viscusi, 2015). Collective bargaining has an important role in the private sector which is concerned with both agriculture and finance sector. Collective bargaining in Denmark did not give focus on the particular contract; it is concerned with part time, fixed term and also with the working time related issues. The role of collective bargaining has a main role in French labor law and gives emphasis on developing the labor standards. France is strengthening its role in the labor relations. Collective bargaining takes place on three levels: On the national level, on company level, on plant level. In the first level the numbers of employees are covered. The main goal of the French government is to take collective bargaining a step further and to bring it closer to the ground (Sanders, 2017). The largest union is in Denmark and it represents the skilled and unskilled manual workers which are concerned with both private and public sector. The unions are a combination of craft, industrial and also of general unions which gives focus on the small and large units. It is seen that in 2008 there are 17 members in the union in LO and it is fourth largest one which represent 80 percent of total membership (Schtz and Jacobs, 2014). The LO has conducted its operation as a coordinating organ rather than the independent power which conserved large unions. The unions take into consideration high density of union and also enhanced the collective agreements which are concerned with private sector. There is fierce competition which replaced the cooperation. In recent time the membership has minimized to 56 percent of wage earners in 2008 and the trend continues. The membership of the union is reduced from 73 percent in 1995 to 69 % in 2008. The numbers concerned with the membership are stable. In French the union is taken into consideration on the basis of pluralism and also on rivalry basis. The membership of union is declining from decades. French union was taken as representative unions by the authorities that are based on five criteria. The rights which are taken into consideration are the nomination of candidates in the system of the employee representative and it involves collective bargaining. The system does n ot change until 2008 (Valizade, Ogbonnaya, Tregaskis and Forde, 2016). Denmark started intervening by taking into consideration the industrial conflicts from 1930 and also the state interventions is considered as a norm in labor market conflicts. The union and employer created a strong relation at an enterprise level. It has helped to implement the collective agreements in effective manner. The flexibility is given to many individual companies that have given attention to the locally setting pay mechanism (Tapia Turner, 2013). In Denmark the important industrial conflicts are taken into consideration in that new collective bargaining model is discussed. The iron and steel is considered as a popular area that consists of all the manufacturing. Decentralization has enhanced the flexibility and employee participation. The employers working in Denmark give focus on enhancing the flexibility so that the international competitions that are prevailing can be maintained in effective manner. The welfare issue gives emphasis on the unions and employer associations. The labor market issues are enhancing and also the pressure is overloaded on the employer. In Denmark there are labor shortages that have taken place. The unskilled workers are increasing day by day and also the education and training is enhancing. Taking into consideration these all the conditions the migrants are allowed to work and retirement scheme is also retained. The financial crisis also minimized the labor shortage problem but as the economy grow s the problem can be expected to rise again. In Denmark the trade unions and employers are strong enough and the collective agreements are retained by taking into consideration high level of coverage. The legal regulation that has a connection with Denmark also explains the decline in the membership of the union. The changes that have taken place in connection with the collective bargaining and labor market has faced many challenges by Denmark. The parties which have the connection with Denmark maintain strong self-regulation and also it avoids the political control that are enhancing day by day (Wagner Refslund, 2016). The public sector union demanded for the enhancement in the wages and also it has led to increase in the wage level of the private sector. The parties which are connected with the labor market achieved the high level of membership and collective agreement coverage. The growth is seen in the membership which is concerned with the yellow unions. The unionization is mi nimized and the changes are also seen in the unemployment that has a direct connection with insurance funds. It is easy to join the funds that concerned with the yellow unions. In France the industrialization and urbanization has taken place in the mid of the 19th century. There are many informal unions that are organized at the local level and the union was established in 1884. The interventionist has played a great role in France. There is decline in the membership that consists of the employer preference for direct dialogue with the employees and also there were inadequate responses of union in connection with new challenges. There is a gap between the union leaders and the file membership. By taking into consideration both Denmark and France it can be analyzed that France is considered as the weakest if comparison is made with Denmark. The exchange union gives the secure working condition that is concerned with individual from the exchange union. Exchange union provides direction and gives agreement which is concerned with business pay and the issues which are connected with the work wounds. In France the people start working from the age of 16 and in Denmark people start working from the age group of 15. In France the law has imposed a basic statutory minimum pay and in Denmark there is no minimum pay which is taken into consideration (Watson, 2017). Conclusion It is seen that relation which is concerned with employment has a great role in attaining the goals and objectives of the organization. The employment relation has a linkage between the employer and the employees of the company. There are many control techniques that are taken into consideration by both the states that establish the level of establishment of the employer or the employees. Both the states give various services to the employees who are working in the organization. The states gives main emphasis on the employment relation that can be seen clearly in the 2008 act which establish a working week that is 35 hours and that gives various negotiations which are taken into consideration by the organization. It is analyzed that the union and employer of the Denmark is strong and also consist of high level of coverage. The employment relation should be effective enough in every organization so that the employees can work in effective way and can achieve its goals and objectives. If proper employment relation is maintained the working pattern of the employees can be achieved in effective way. References Bamber.G.J,Lansbury.R.D,Wailes.N and Wright.C.F.(2015).Employment relations in Denmark. Allan and Unwin. Bryson, A, Forth, J Laroche, P. (2011).Evolution or revolution? The impact of unions on workplace performance in Britain and France, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 171187. Burroni, L Keune, M. (2011). Flexicurity: A conceptual critique, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7591. Gumbrell-McCormick, R Hyman, R. (2006). Embedded collectivism? Workplace representation in France and Germany, Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 473-491. Hansen, NW Mailand, M.(2013). 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Valizade, D., Ogbonnaya, C., Tregaskis, O. and Forde, C. (2016). A mutual gains perspective on workplace partnership: Employee outcomes and the mediating role of the employment relations climate.Human Resource Management Journal,26(3), pp.351-368. Wagner, I Refslund, B. (2016). Understanding the diverging trajectories of slaughterhouse work in Denmark and Germany: A power resource approach, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 335-351. Watson, G. (2017). Can labour law reform be made popular? Australian Financial Review, 29 June, p. 43.